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Anaximander (611-547 BC)
Thales (585 BC)
Pythagoras (585-497 BC)
Xenophanes (570-475 BC)
Heraclitus (540-475 BC)
Anaximenes (528 BC)
Parmenides (510 BC)
Anaxagoras (500-428 BC)
Empedocles (492-432 BC)
Protagoras (485-415 BC)
Hippias (485-415 BC)
Socrates (469-399 BC)
Democritus (460-370 BC)
Leucippus (450 BC)
Zeno of Elea (450 BCE)
Antisthenes (446-366 BC)
Aristippus (435-356 BC)
Xenophon (430-350 BC)
Plato (427-347 BC)
Diogenes of Sinope (404-323 BC)
Xenocrates (396-314 BC)
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Euclid (365-300 BC)
Pyrrho (360-270 BC)
Epicurus (341-271 BC)
Zeno of Citium (334-262 BC)
Timon (320-230 BC)
Archimedes (287-212 BC)
Chrysippus (280-207 BC)
Eratosthenes (276-197 BC) (Mathematician)
Carneades (214-129 BC)
Cicero (106-43 BC)
Lucretius (99-55 BC)
Philo of Alexandria (20 BC-40)
Seneca (1 BC-65)
Epictetus (55-135)
Marcus Aurelius (121-180)
Sextus Empiricus (200)
Plotinus (204-270)
Porphyry (234-305)
Augustine (354-430)
Hypatia (370-415)
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (475-526)
al-Kindi (800-870)
John Scottus Eriugena (800-877)
al-Farabi (872-950)
Saadya (Saadiah) (882-942)
Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980-1037)
St. Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109)
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad (1055-1111)
Peter Abelard (1079-1142) (Theology)
Peter Lombard (1095-1160)
Abraham Ibn Daud (1110-1180)
Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (1126-1198)
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon) (1138-1204)
Samuel Ibn Tibbon (1165-1232)
Grosseteste (1168-1253)
Fibonacci (Leonardo Pisano) (1170-1250) (Math)
Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus) (1206-1280)
Roger Bacon (1214-1292)
Saint Bonaventure (1217-1274)
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) (Theology)
Boetius of Dacia (1230-1285)
Siger of Brabant (1235-1282)
Meister Eckhart (1260-1328)
John Duns Scotus (1266-1308)
Marsilius of Padua (1270-1342)
William of Ockham (Occam), (1280-1349)
Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom) (1288-1344)
John Buridan (1295-1356)
Marsilius of Inghen (1340-1396)
Crescas (1340-1411)
Nicholas of Cusa (Nikolas Krypffts von Kus)
Lorenzo Valla (1406-1457)
Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499)
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494)
Desiderius Erasmus (1467-1536)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) (Math, Astronomy)
Thomas More (1478-1535)
Paracelsus (1493-1541)
Petrus Ramus (1515-572)
Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)
Pierre Charron (1541-1603)
Francisco Suarez (1548-1617)
Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) (Physics, Astronomy)
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) (Astronomy)
Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)
Edward Herbert, Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583-1648)
Marin Mersenne (1588-1648)
Sir Robert Filmer (1588-1653)
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655)
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
Henricus Regius (1598-1679)
Madeleine de, Marquise de Sable Souvre (1599-1678)
Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665)
Joseph Glanvill (1611-1680)
Antoine Arnauld (1612-1694)
Henry More (1614-1687)
Ralph Cudworth (1617-1688)
Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia (1618-1680)
Jacques Rohault (1620-1672)
Geraud de Cordemoy (1622-1684)
Margaret Lucas Cavendish (1623-1673)
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
Arnold Geulincx (1624-1669)
Nicole, Pierre (1625-1695)
Kristina Wasa, Queen of Sweden (1626-1689)
Robert Boyle (1627-1692) (Chemistry, Physics)
Richard Cumberland (1631-1718)
Lady Anne Conway (1631-1679)
Baron Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694)
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)
Pierre-Sylvain Regis (1632-1707)
John Locke (1632-1704)
Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715)
Simon Foucher (1644-1696)
Isaac Newton (1642-1727) (Math, Physics)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)
Pierre Bayle (1647-1706)
John Norris (1657-1711)
Lady Damaris Masham (1658-1708)
Giovanni Battista Vico (1668-1744)
John Toland (1670-1722)
Bernard de Mandeville (1670-1733)
The 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury (Anthony Ashley Cooper III) (1671-1713)
Samuel Clarke (1675-1729)
Catharine Trotter Cockburn (1679-1749)
Christian Wolff (1679-1754)
George Berkeley (1685-1753)
Baron de Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat (1689-1755)
Joseph Butler (1692-1752)
Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746)
Voltaire (François-Marie d'Arouet) (1694-1778) (Literature)
John Gay (1699-1745)
Thomas Bayes (1702-1761) (Math)
David Hartley (1705-1757)
Leonhard Euler (1707-1783)
Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709-November)
Thomas Reid (1710-1796)
David Hume (1711-1776) (N)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
Denis Diderot (1713-1784)
Etienne Bonnot de Condillac (1715-1780)
Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715-1771)
Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783)
Richard Price (1723-1791)
Paul Henry Thiry, baron d'Holbach (1723-1789)
Adam Smith, (1723-1790)
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781)
Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786)
Edmund Burke (1730-1797)
Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
William Paley (1743-1805)
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1829)
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749-1827)
Dugald Stewart (1753-1828)
William Godwin (1756-1836)
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1798)
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)
Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon (Henri de Saint-Simon) (1760-1825)
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814)
Thomas Robert Malthus (-1766-1834)
Madame de Staël (Anne Louise Germaine de Staël) (1766-1817)
Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768-1834)
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830) (Math, physics)
F. W. J. von Schelling, Hegel (1770-1831)
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854)
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
Richard Whately (1787-1863)
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
William Stirling Hamilton (1788-1856)
John Austin (1790-1859)
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792-1856)
William Whewell (1794-1866)
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
James Mill (1773-1836)
Bernard Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano (1781-1848)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach (1804-1872)
Augustus De Morgan (1806-1871)
Max Stirner (1806-1856)
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
Harriet Hardy Taylor (1807-1858)
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865)
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (1814-1876)
George Boole (1815-1864)
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
Rudolph Hermann Lotze (1817-1881)
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866)
Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (1831-1916)
Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911)
John Venn (1834-1923)
Edward Caird (1835-1908)
Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882)
Ernst Mach (1838-1916)
Franz Clemens Brentano (1838-1917)
Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900)
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914)
William James (1842-1910)
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
William Kingdon Clifford (1845-1879)
Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (1845-1918)
Francis Herbert Bradley (1846-1924)
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (1848-1925)
Bernard Bosanquet (1848-1923)
Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto (1848-1923)
John Cook Wilson (1849-1915)
Hans Vaihinger (1852-1933)
David George Ritchie (1853-1903)
Jules Henri Poincare (1854-1912)
Josiah Royce (1855-1916)
Sigmund Freud (Sigismund Schlomo Freud) (1856-1939) (Psychology)
Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison (1856-1931)
Thorstein Bunde Veblen (1857-1929)
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
Giuseppe Peano (1858-1932)
David Émile Durkheim (1858-1917)
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947) (Physics)
Henri Bergson (1859-1941)
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
John Dewey (1859-1952)
Samuel Alexander (1859-1938)
Pierre Duhem (1861-1916)
Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)
David Hilbert (1862-1943)
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
George Santayana (1863-1952)
Karl Emil Maximilian Weber (1864-1920)
Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (1864-1936) (Author)
Benedetto Croce (1866-1952)
John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart (1866-1925)
Rudolf Otto (1869-1937) (Theology)
Alfred Adler (1870-1937) (Psychology)
Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov) (1870-1924)
Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo (1871-1953) (Math)
Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919)
Harold Arthur Prichard (1871-1947)
Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872-1970)
George Edward Moore (1873-1958)
Arthur Oncken Lovejoy (1873-1962)
Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (1874-1948)
Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945)
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)
Ralph Barton Perry (1876-1957)
Sir William David Ross (1877-1971)
John Broadus Watson (1878-1958) (Psychology)
Jan Lukasiewicz (1878-1956)
Martin Buber (1878-1965)
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) (Physics, Math)
Leon Davidovich Trotsky (Lev Davidovich Bronstein) (1879-1940)
Moritz Schlick (1882-1936)
Otto Neurath (1882-1945)
Nicolai Hartmann (1882-1950)
Jacques Maritain (1882-1973)
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)
Karl Jaspers (1883-1969)
Clarence Irving Lewis (1883-1964)
Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962)
Niels (Henrik David) Bohr (1885-1962) (Physics)
Georg Lukács (1885-1971)
Karen Horney (1885-1952) (Psychology)
Paul Johannes Tillich (1886-1965)
Charlie Dunbar Broad (1887-1971)
Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (1887-1961) (Physics)
George Pólya (1887-1985) (Math)
Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
Robin George Collingwood (1889-1943)
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
Hans Reichenbach (1891-1953)
Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)
Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970)
Roman Ingarden (1893-1970)
Susanne Langer (1895-1985)
Max Horkheimer (1895-1973)
Friedrich Waismann (1896-1959)
Clive Staples Lewis (1898-1963) (Author, Apologist)
Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979)
Henry Habberley Price (1899-1984)
Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992)
Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976)
Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002)
Werner Karl Heisenberg (1901-1976)
Alfred Tarski (1901-1983)
Ernest Nagel (1901-1985)
Eric Voegelin (1901-1985)
Jacques-Marie-Emile Lacan (1901-1981) (Psychology)
Brand Blanshard (1902-1987)
Karl Popper (1902-1994)
Georg Feigl (1902-1988)
Frank Plumpton Ramsey (1903-1930)
Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969)
John von Neumann (Margittai Neumann János Lajos) (1903-1957) (Physics)
Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (1903-1989)
Alonzo Church (1903-1995)
John Wisdom (1904-1993)
Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990) (Psychology)
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
Ayn Rand (1905-1982)
Carl Gustav Hempel (1905-1997)
Kurt Friedrich Godel (1906-1978)
Hannah Arendt (1906-1975)
Nelson Goodman (1906-1998 )
Gustav Bergmann (1906-1987)
Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart (1907-1992)
Charles Leslie Stevenson (1908-1979)
Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986)
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)
Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000)
Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997)
A.J. Ayer (1910-1989)
John Langshaw Austin (J.L Austin) (1911-1960)
Alan Turing (1912-1954)
Wilfrid Stalker Sellars (1912-1989)
Albert Camus (1913-1960)
Herbert Paul Grice (1913-1988)
Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005)
Sir Stuart Newton Hampshire (1914-2004)
Roderick M. Chisholm (1916-1999)
Kurt Erich Baier (1917- )
Donald Davidson (1917-2003)
Richard Phillips Feynman (1918-1988) (Physics)
Louis Pierre Althusser (1918-1990)
Richard Mervyn Hare (1919-2002)
Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe (1919-2001)
Peter Frederick Strawson (1919-2006)
John Jamieson Carswell Smart (1920- )
Kenneth Joseph Arrow (1921- )
John Rawls (1921-2002)
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922-1996)
Imre Lakatos (1922-1974)
Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994)
Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998)
Benoit Mandelbrot (1924- )
Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995)
Michael A. E. Dummett (1925- )
Edmund Gettier (1927- )
David M. Armstrong (1926- )
Michel Foucault (1926-1984)
Hilary Putnam (1926- )
Marvin Minsky (1927- )
Avram Noam Chomsky (1928- )
Jurgen Habermas (1929- )
Edward Osborne Wilson (1929- ) (Biology)
Judith Jarvis Thomson (1929- )
Annette Baier (1929- )
Nel Noddings (1929- )
Virginia Potter Held (1929- )
Jacques Derrida (1930-2004)
Ronald Myles Dworkin (1931- )
Richard Rorty (1931-2007 )
Roger Penrose (1931- )
John Searle (1932- )
Luce Irigaray (1932- )
Umberto Eco (1932- )
Jaegwon Kim (1934- )
Sandra Harding (1935- )
Keith Lehrer (1936- )
Thomas Nagel (1937- )
Robert Nozick (1938-2002)
Tom Regan (1938- )
Saul Aaron Kripke (1940- )
Julia Kristeva (1941- )
Daniel Clement Dennett (1942- )
Donna Jeanne Haraway (1944- )
Appiah, Kwame Anthony ( - ) (African Philosophy)
Douglas Hofstadter (1945- )
Singer, Peter (1946- )
Martha Craven Nussbaum (1947- )
Susan Bordo (1947- )
Michele Le Doeuff (1948- )
Cornel West (1953- )
David John Chalmers (1966- )
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Peter Abelard (1079-1142) (Theology)
Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969)
Alfred Adler (1870-1937) (Psychology)
al-Farabi (872-950)
al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid Muhammad (1055-1111)
al-Kindi (800-870)
Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783)
Samuel Alexander (1859-1938)
Louis Pierre Althusser (1918-1990)
Anaxagoras (500-428 BC)
Anaximander (611-547 BC)
Anaximenes (528 BC)
Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe (1919-2001)
Antisthenes (446-366 BC)
Appiah, Kwame Anthony ( - ) (African Philosophy)
Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) (Theology)
Archimedes (287-212 BC)
Hannah Arendt (1906-1975)
Aristippus (435-356 BC)
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
David M. Armstrong (1926- )
Antoine Arnauld (1612-1694)
Kenneth Joseph Arrow (1921- )
Augustine (354-430)
Marcus Aurelius (121-180)
John Austin (1790-1859)
John Langshaw Austin (J.L Austin) (1911-1960)
Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (1126-1198)
Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980-1037)
A.J. Ayer (1910-1989)
Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962)
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Roger Bacon (1214-1292)
Annette Baier (1929- )
Kurt Erich Baier (1917- )
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (1814-1876)
Thomas Bayes (1702-1761) (Math)
Pierre Bayle (1647-1706)
Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986)
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)
Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (1874-1948)
Gustav Bergmann (1906-1987)
Henri Bergson (1859-1941)
George Berkeley (1685-1753)
Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997)
Brand Blanshard (1902-1987)
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (475-526)
Boetius of Dacia (1230-1285)
Bernard Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano (1781-1848)
Susan Bordo (1947- )
Niels (Henrik David) Bohr (1885-1962) (Physics)
Saint Bonaventure (1217-1274)
George Boole (1815-1864)
Bernard Bosanquet (1848-1923)
Robert Boyle (1627-1692) (Chemistry, Physics)
Francis Herbert Bradley (1846-1924)
Franz Clemens Brentano (1838-1917)
Charlie Dunbar Broad (1887-1971)
Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)
Martin Buber (1878-1965)
John Buridan (1295-1356)
Edmund Burke (1730-1797)
Joseph Butler (1692-1752)
Edward Caird (1835-1908)
Albert Camus (1913-1960)
Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor (1845-1918)
Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970)
Carneades (214-129 BC)
Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945)
Margaret Lucas Cavendish (1623-1673)
Pierre Charron (1541-1603)
David John Chalmers (1966- )
Roderick M. Chisholm (1916-1999)
Avram Noam Chomsky (1928- )
Chrysippus (280-207 BC)
Alonzo Church (1903-1995)
Cicero (106-43 BC)
Samuel Clarke (1675-1729)
William Kingdon Clifford (1845-1879)
Catharine Trotter Cockburn (1679-1749)
Robin George Collingwood (1889-1943)
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
Lady Anne Conway (1631-1679)
The 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury (Anthony Ashley Cooper III) (1671-1713)
Etienne Bonnot de Condillac (1715-1780)
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) (Math, Astronomy)
Crescas (1340-1411)
Benedetto Croce (1866-1952)
Ralph Cudworth (1617-1688)
Richard Cumberland (1631-1718)
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)
Abraham Ibn Daud (1110-1180)
Donald Davidson (1917-2003)
Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (1831-1916)
Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995)
Democritus (460-370 BC)
Augustus De Morgan (1806-1871)
Daniel Clement Dennett (1942- )
Jacques Derrida (1930-2004)
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
John Dewey (1859-1952)
Denis Diderot (1713-1784)
Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911)
Diogenes of Sinope (404-323 BC)
Michele Le Doeuff (1948- )
Pierre Duhem (1861-1916)
Michael A. E. Dummett (1925- )
David Émile Durkheim (1858-1917)
Ronald Myles Dworkin (1931- )
Meister Eckhart (1260-1328)
Umberto Eco (1932- )
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) (Physics, Math)
Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia (1618-1680)
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
Empedocles (492-432 BC)
Sextus Empiricus (200)
Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)
Epictetus (55-135)
Epicurus (341-271 BC)
Desiderius Erasmus (1467-1536)
Leonhard Euler (1707-1783)
Eratosthenes (276-197 BC) (Mathematician)
John Scottus Eriugena (800-877)
Euclid (365-300 BC)
Georg Feigl (1902-1988)
Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665)
Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach (1804-1872)
Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994)
Richard Phillips Feynman (1918-1988) (Physics)
Fibonacci (Leonardo Pisano) (1170-1250) (Math)
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814)
Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499)
Sir Robert Filmer (1588-1653)
Michel Foucault (1926-1984)
Simon Foucher (1644-1696)
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830) (Math, physics)
Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (1848-1925)
Sigmund Freud (Sigismund Schlomo Freud) (1856-1939) (Psychology)
Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002)
Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655)
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) (Physics, Astronomy)
John Gay (1699-1745)
Geraud de Cordemoy (1622-1684)
Gersonides (Levi ben Gershom) (1288-1344)
Edmund Gettier (1927- )
Arnold Geulincx (1624-1669)
Joseph Glanvill (1611-1680)
Kurt Friedrich Godel (1906-1978)
William Godwin (1756-1836)
Nelson Goodman (1906-1998 )
Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)
Thomas Hill Green (1836-1882)
Herbert Paul Grice (1913-1988)
Grosseteste (1168-1253)
Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)
Jurgen Habermas (1929- )
William Stirling Hamilton (1788-1856)
Sir Stuart Newton Hampshire (1914-2004)
Donna Jeanne Haraway (1944- )
Sandra Harding (1935- )
Richard Mervyn Hare (1919-2002)
Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart (1907-1992)
David Hartley (1705-1757)
Nicolai Hartmann (1882-1950)
Friedrich August von Hayek (1899-1992)
F. W. J. von Schelling, Hegel (1770-1831)
Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)
Werner Karl Heisenberg (1901-1976)
Virginia Potter Held (1929- )
Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715-1771)
Carl Gustav Hempel (1905-1997)
Heraclitus (540-475 BC)
Edward Herbert, Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1583-1648)
David Hilbert (1862-1943)
Hippias (485-415 BC)
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
Douglas Hofstadter (1945- )
Max Horkheimer (1895-1973)
Karen Horney (1885-1952) (Psychology)
David Hume (1711-1776) (N)
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)
Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746)
Hypatia (370-415)
Roman Ingarden (1893-1970)
Luce Irigaray (1932- )
William James (1842-1910)
Karl Jaspers (1883-1969)
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo (1864-1936) (Author)
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) (Astronomy)
John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946)
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
Jaegwon Kim (1934- )
Saul Aaron Kripke (1940- )
Julia Kristeva (1941- )
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922-1996)
Jacques-Marie-Emile Lacan (1901-1981) (Psychology)
Imre Lakatos (1922-1974)
Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck (1744-1829)
Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709-November)
Susanne Langer (1895-1985)
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (1749-1827)
Keith Lehrer (1936- )
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)
Lenin (Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov) (1870-1924)
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729-1781)
Leucippus (450 BC)
Clarence Irving Lewis (1883-1964)
Clive Staples Lewis (1898-1963) (Author, Apologist)
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792-1856)
John Locke (1632-1704)
Peter Lombard (1095-1160)
Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (1903-1989)
Rudolph Hermann Lotze (1817-1881)
Arthur Oncken Lovejoy (1873-1962)
Lucretius (99-55 BC)
Georg Lukacs (1885-1971)
Jan Lukasiewicz (1878-1956)
Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919)
Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998)
Ernst Mach (1838-1916)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great) (1206-1280)
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon) (1138-1204)
Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715)
Thomas Robert Malthus (-1766-1834)
Benoit Mandelbrot (1924- )
Bernard de Mandeville (1670-1733)
Herbert Marcuse (1898-1979)
Jacques Maritain (1882-1973)
Marsilius of Inghen (1340-1396)
Marsilius of Padua (1270-1342)
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart (1866-1925)
Lady Damaris Masham (1658-1708)
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786)
Marin Mersenne (1588-1648)
James Mill (1773-1836)
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
Marvin Minsky (1927- )
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494)
Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)
Baron de Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat (1689-1755)
George Edward Moore (1873-1958)
Henry More (1614-1687)
Thomas More (1478-1535)
Ernest Nagel (1901-1985)
Thomas Nagel (1937- )
John von Neumann (Margittai Neumann János Lajos) (1903-1957) (Physics)
Otto Neurath (1882-1945)
Isaac Newton (1642-1727) (Math, Physics)
Nicholas of Cusa (Nikolas Krypffts von Kus)
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
Nel Noddings (1929- )
John Norris (1657-1711)
Robert Nozick (1938-2002)
Martha Craven Nussbaum (1947- )
William of Ockham (Occam), (1280-1349)
Rudolf Otto (1869-1937) (Theology)
Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
William Paley (1743-1805)
Paracelsus (1493-1541)
Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto (1848-1923)
Parmenides (510 BC)
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
Giuseppe Peano (1858-1932)
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914)
Roger Penrose (1931- )
Ralph Barton Perry (1876-1957)
Philo of Alexandria (20 BC-40)
Nicole, Pierre (1625-1695)
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947) (Physics)
Plato (427-347 BC)
Plotinus (204-270)
Jules Henri Poincare (1854-1912)
George Pólya (1887-1985) (Math)
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)
Karl Popper (1902-1994)
Porphyry (234-305)
Henry Habberley Price (1899-1984)
Richard Price (1723-1791)
Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison (1856-1931)
Harold Arthur Prichard (1871-1947)
Protagoras (485-415 BC)
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865)
Baron Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694)
Hilary Putnam (1926- )
Pyrrho (360-270 BC)
Pythagoras (585-497 BC)
Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000)
Frank Plumpton Ramsey (1903-1930)
Petrus Ramus (1515-572)
Ayn Rand (1905-1982)
John Rawls (1921-2002)
Hans Reichenbach (1891-1953)
Thomas Reid (1710-1796)
Tom Regan (1938- )
Pierre-Sylvain Regis (1632-1707)
Henricus Regius (1598-1679)
Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005)
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866)
David George Ritchie (1853-1903)
Jacques Rohault (1620-1672)
Richard Rorty (1931-2007 )
Sir William David Ross (1877-1971)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
Josiah Royce (1855-1916)
Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872-1970)
Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976)
Saadya (Saadiah) (882-942)
Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon (Henri de Saint-Simon) (1760-1825)
George Santayana (1863-1952)
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775-1854)
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)
Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768-1834)
Moritz Schlick (1882-1936)
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (1887-1961) (Physics)
John Duns Scotus (1266-1308)
John Searle (1932- )
Wilfrid Stalker Sellars (1912-1989)
Seneca (1 BC-65)
Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900)
Siger of Brabant (1235-1282)
Singer, Peter (1946- )
Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990) (Psychology)
John Jamieson Carswell Smart (1920- )
Adam Smith, (1723-1790)
Socrates (469-399 BC)
Madeleine de, Marquise de Sable Souvre (1599-1678)
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677)
Madame de Staël (Anne Louise Germaine de Staël) (1766-1817)
St. Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109)
Charles Leslie Stevenson (1908-1979)
Dugald Stewart (1753-1828)
Max Stirner (1806-1856)
Peter Frederick Strawson (1919-2006)
Francisco Suarez (1548-1617)
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
Alfred Tarski (1901-1983)
Harriet Hardy Taylor (1807-1858)
Thales (585 BC)
Paul Henry Thiry, baron d'Holbach (1723-1789)
Judith Jarvis Thomson (1929- )
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)
Samuel Ibn Tibbon (1165-1232)
Paul Johannes Tillich (1886-1965)
Timon (320-230 BC)
John Toland (1670-1722)
Leon Davidovich Trotsky (Lev Davidovich Bronstein) (1879-1940)
Alan Turing (1912-1954)
Hans Vaihinger (1852-1933)
Lorenzo Valla (1406-1457)
Thorstein Bunde Veblen (1857-1929)
John Venn (1834-1923)
Giovanni Battista Vico (1668-1744)
Eric Voegelin (1901-1985)
Voltaire (François-Marie d'Arouet) (1694-1778) (Literature)
Friedrich Waismann (1896-1959)
Kristina Wasa, Queen of Sweden (1626-1689)
Richard Whately (1787-1863)
John Broadus Watson (1878-1958) (Psychology)
Karl Emil Maximilian Weber (1864-1920)
Cornel West (1953- )
Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947)
William Whewell (1794-1866)
Edward Osborne Wilson (1929- ) (Biology)
John Cook Wilson (1849-1915)
John Wisdom (1904-1993)
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)
Christian Wolff (1679-1754)
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1798)
Xenocrates (396-314 BC)
Xenophanes (570-475 BC)
Xenophon (430-350 BC)
Zeno of Citium (334-262 BC)
Zeno of Elea (450 BC)
Ernst Friedrich Ferdinand Zermelo (1871-1953) (Math)
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